“Torah is both a gateway leading into the palace of Judaism and a great hall within that palace”

Friday, April 30th, 2010

 

The Sages tell us that the Torah is one of the three things the world rests on, and that "the study of Torah outweighs all the other mitzvot" in importance and in the reward attached to it. 

A deeper understanding of this mitzvah requires that we distinguish between its two aspects, one within the other. 
 
The study of Torah is, first, the way that knowledge of Torah in all its dimensions—theoretical and practical, abstract and concrete—is acquired. 

It is through such study that one obtains guidance for life.
 
It is through such study alone that one attains knowledge of Judaism itself.

The study of Torah also has another, inward aspect to it: it is itself a mitzvah and an important one, not only a means but also an end, an act that is inherently meaningful regardless of its practical consequences. 

The study of Torah is not a matter of learning "about" Judaism, but is in itself one of Judaism's essential components.
 
Just as every mitzvah-fulfilling act derives meaning from the link it creates between the doer and the Giver of that mitzvah, so too does talmud Torah establish a connection between the learner and the Source of the text.
 
Torah is both a gateway leading into the palace of Judaism and a great hall within that palace.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From Teshuvah, p. 87, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“We either make decisions analytically or through a synthesis”

Thursday, April 29th, 2010

 

The statement 'na'ase venishma' – "we will do and we will hear" -can be interpreted on various levels.

The first meaning, of course, is willingness. 

I accept the yoke of Kingship without hesitation.

I accept it consummately.

This is what 'na'ase,' "we will do," means. 

The second statement, 'nishma', "we will hear," means that after having accepted the Law in general, I am now ready to hear it presented point by point.

This dual statement basically corresponds to the two types of behavior we typically engage in when we have a decision to make. 

We either make decisions analytically or through a synthesis. 

In an analytical decision we examine the features of a situation, and by combining them, we gradually develop a picture of a complex reality whose final shape will influence the decision we make.

On the other hand, we can accept a fundamental principle right away. 

Here, we are not called upon to act immediately but rather to agree to a principle and then see which obligations derive from it. 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

In The Seven Lights, p.218, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Recent rabbinic authorities have ruled that study of ‘the doctrine of hidden things’ need not be suppressed”

Wednesday, April 28th, 2010

 

There are relatively few places where Kabbalah can be studied properly, and the secondary literature available on the subject tends to be superficial, un-Jewish, or even anti-Jewish.

While recent rabbinic authorities have ruled that study of "the doctrine of hidden things" need not be suppressed, it is nonetheless advisable to avoid getting into mysticism in an unbalanced way.

One drawn to Judaism along the mystical path should take special pains to study halakhah as well, particularly the Talmud and its commentaries, both in order to better understand the Kabbalah itself—a connection a number of well-known scholars have underscored—and in order to keep one's balance and avoid going astray.

It is false and misleading to view the Jewish mystical tradition apart from the larger context of Judaism as a whole.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From Teshuvah, p. 94, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“We tend to forget that there is something beyond reason”

Tuesday, April 27th, 2010

 

This is one of the problems facing this generation: We have perhaps become too "intelligent," too knowledgeable, or too rationalistic to be able to experience the total and spontaneous allegiance of our ancestors. 

Worse still, we tend to forget that there is something beyond reason. 

Jews need to face this question both as individuals and as a nation. 

How can we recover this ability to transcend the particular and seize reality in its totality without performing fancy calculations beforehand, without asking, "Do I understand?" "Do I want this?" "Am I ready?" 

This is why the Sages say that every day we need to place ourselves at the foot of Mount Sinai. 

This can take place on Shavuot or on any day of the year. 

The face-to-face encounter at Sinai involves an encounter with Oneness and willingness to accept things that are beyond our faculties of comprehension.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From The Seven Lights, p.231 by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The soul of the sinner descends, as it is symbolically expressed, to Hell”

Monday, April 26th, 2010

 

"When the soul of man leaves the body and can relate directly to spiritual essences, thus becoming altogether spiritual, with no more than fragmented memories of having been connected with the body, then in the course of things, all that this soul had done in life casts it into its right form on the level appropriate to it in the life after death. 

And therefore the soul of the sinner descends, as it is symbolically expressed, to Hell. 

In other words, the soul now finds itself wholly within the world-domain of these subversive angels whom it, as a sinner, created.

And there is no refuge from them, for these creatures encompass the soul completely and keep punishing it with full, exacting punishment for having produced them, for having caused the existence of those same angels. 

And as long as the just measure of anguish is not exhausted, this soul remains in Hell. 

Which is to say, the soul is punished not by something extraneous but by that manifestation of evil it itself created according to its level and according to its essence. 
 
Only after the soul passes through the sickness, torment, and pain of the spiritual existence of its own self-produced evil, only then can it reach a higher level of being in accordance with its correct state and in accordance with the essence of the good it created."

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From The Thirteen Petalled Rose, p. 30, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“But everybody does it”

Sunday, April 25th, 2010

 

The old cliche, "That's the way it's always been," or the even more common "Everybody does it" are no excuse for sinfulness.

There is a story of a man who comes to a rabbi and, after recounting a long catalogue of misdeeds, excuses himself by saying, "But everybody does it," to which the rabbi retorts, "Hell is big enough for everybody." 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From "Soul Searching" p. 21, in The Strife of the Spirit by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“All of us are combinations of everything”

Friday, April 23rd, 2010

 

Man is not just one instrument, he is an orchestra. 

Because of this, we are not all alike—we are all different combinations. 

In a certain way each man is all the world. 

It is written that when the Lord said, "Let us make man in our image," it was something that he said to the whole universe. "Let us make man." 

Each being contributed, and that is man. 

He has something of everything. 

All of us are combinations, and the difference between us is that some of us are more lions and some of us are more foxes, but all of us are combinations of everything. 

The problem is to have this universe of beings, which is our being, work together.
 
How to make the orchestra play together. 

It is done in so many different ways, and each way is unique. 
 
I cannot pass my way on to someone else because his way is slightly different, even when we seem to be alike.


–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From The Strife of the Spirit, p. 226, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The teachings of the Kabbalah go back to antiquity”

Thursday, April 22nd, 2010

 

The teachings of the Kabbalah go back to antiquity. 

It is said that even the "sons of the prophets" of the period of the First Temple developed certain mystical concepts that became the beginning of the Kabbalah. 

In any case, by the time of the Second Temple, we find many indications of systems of esoteric lore, such as Ma'aseh Breshit (Concerning Genesis) and Ma'aseh Merkavah (Concerning the Chariot), which were passed on orally, from one generation of wise men to the next. 

In time, Kabbalah ("that which is received") gradually revealed more of itself.
 
Basic books were written and circulated, and outstanding figures at various times in history hinted at their relation to the Kabbalah and at the way in which they drew from it.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From "The Ari" , p.171 in The Strife of the Spirit by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“In studying the esoteric Torah, the grasp is necessarily partial”

Wednesday, April 21st, 2010

 

In mathematics we have complex numbers and concepts, like the square root of minus, one that can never be used for ordinary purposes of life or imagination.

They are beyond description, beyond the grasp of mind, even though they can be considered real in terms of mathematical manipulation.

With such abstract concepts, the mind is not wholly integrated.

Not only do they fail to create any experience, there remains something fragmentary about them.

There's an edge beyond which one cannot go.

The abstractions of the Kabbalah, however, are of a far more intimate character.

They come from Divine Wisdom and speak to the individual soul where life and reality and imagination have their own way of integrating ideas.

As an aside, we could point to the fact that many highly intelligent and creative people have trouble with abstractions as such.

One eminent physicist, fully aware of the enormously complicated mathematical steps leading to the identification of certain particles, admitted that he needed to visualize them as pink and round (with color and quality) in order to pursue his studies.

One is able to perform with only a minimum of understanding, but to create meaningful contact, some kind of deeper understanding is usually necessary.

When one studies the revealed Torah, therefore, the grasp can be complete; in studying the esoteric Torah, the grasp is necessarily partial. 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From The Candle of God, p. 97, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“When one is studying the Torah, one is in direct communion with God”

Tuesday, April 20th, 2010

The Torah was never considered merely knowledge—as that which one learns with the mind and in which one becomes an expert. 

As one of the sages, Hillel Zeitlin, said: "In many religions there is the notion of a book or doctrine that comes from heaven. We Jews, however, believe that the Torah itself is heaven."

When one is studying the Torah, one is in direct communion with God.

One is not just reading or studying or even seeking inspiration.

In Judaism we, God and man are talking together.

As it is written in the Zohar: there are three things that are connected with each other—the Jews with the Torah, and the Torah with God.

We do not delve into the Torah just in order to know something in our past or to learn how to behave.

To be engaged with Torah is not just the fulfillment of a commandment, a mitzvah; it is in itself being as close to the Almighty as we will ever be.


–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

 

From "Mysticism in the Jewish Tradition" in On Being Free by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Jewish Theology”

Monday, April 19th, 2010

There was never a separation of any real consequence between the daily obligations and open practice of Judaism and the esoteric or mystical aspects of the tradition.

They have always been connected.

They are simply different aspects of the same thing.

In the Middle Ages many scholars leaned almost entirely on the writings of Maimonides and pointed to his Thirteen Articles of Faith as the supreme theological authority.

But even in those times there was more than one approach to theology.

For example, we also have the more mystical approach of Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman (the Ramban).

But since there was no central authority to define a consensus of opinion, the differences—which, as intimated, were never as polarized as modern thinkers believe—were allowed to flourish.

It is only since the sixteenth century that there has been a consensus accepted by almost every Jew.

If there is a normative Jewish theology, it is the integration of the two (never really separate) approaches—the Kabbalah of the Ari (Rabbi Isaac Luria) and the Shulhan Arukh (The Code of Jewish Law) of Rabbi Joseph Caro.


–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

 

From "Mysticism in the Jewish Tradition" from On Being Free by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“It is false and misleading to view the Jewish mystical tradition apart from the larger context of Judaism as a whole”

Sunday, April 18th, 2010

 

The study of Jewish mysticism, the Kabbalah, presents a special problem.

Though the Kabbalah is probably the only extant Jewish theological system, there are various attitudes to its study, which question not the relative value of studying Kab­balah, but the qualifications necessary to undertake it.

It is very important to recognize that, unlike other mystical doctrines, the Kabbalah is not a discipline unto itself but is closely linked to mainstream religious practice.

It is in a sense a commentary on both the written and oral Torah, and cannot be separated either in theory or practice from the full panoply of the mitzvot.

There are relatively few places where Kabbalah can be studied properly, and the secondary literature available on the subject tends to be superficial, un-Jewish, or even anti-Jewish.

While recent rabbinic authorities have ruled that study of "the doctrine of hidden things" need not be suppressed, it is none­theless advisable to avoid getting into mysticism in an unbal­anced way.

One drawn to Judaism along the mystical path should take special pains to study halakhah as well, particularly the Talmud and its commentaries, both in order to better un­derstand the Kabbalah itself—a connection a number of well-known scholars have underscored—and in order to keep one's balance and avoid going astray.

It is false and misleading to view the Jewish mystical tradition apart from the larger context of Judaism as a whole.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

From "Talmud Torah" in Teshuvah by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Waiting for salvation is not a passive state of being”

Friday, April 16th, 2010

 

The entire course of life on earth toward its final redemption is the constant struggle to redeem the light that is hidden in the darkness, and when this process is completed, there will be revealed the true, whole structure.

This is the meaning of the coming of the Messiah.

Thus, according to this approach, the redemption of the sparks is the work of every Jew, and this work—which is done by keeping the Torah and doing the mitzvot, by ascetic self-discipline and moral restitution, by right intention in all one's deeds and mystical unity—this work is the decisive factor in redemption.

Waiting for salvation is, therefore, not a passive state of being; it is rather the active doing of every person whose every thought and deed can contribute to the redemption of the universe.

This is at least part of the reason for the enormous influence of (Rabbi Isaac Luria) the Ari's teachings on the daily life of Jews in subsequent generations.

The entire people became active participants in the struggle for the "end of days."

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From "The Ari" in The Strife of the Spirit by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“A common view about mysticism and Kabbalah”

Thursday, April 15th, 2010

Customarily, we speak of the different ways of dealing with Torah, from the explicit to the implicit, from peshat (literal meaning) to derash (exegesis), to remez (hint), to sod (secret or esoteric truth).

All these simply address the same words of Scripture in four different languages, all of which have the same meaning.

One of the methods of study is to gain an understanding of the way these languages change from one form of expression to another, how they change from saying something in poetic terms to those of a story, a commandment, and a kabbalistic idea.

Consequently, the common view about mysticism and Kabbalah being a different world from the Talmud is a misconception of the organic unity of the whole.

The Kabbalah and the Talmud are different forms of expression, each following its own point of departure.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

 

From "Mysticism in the Jewish Tradition" in On Being Free by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Kabbalah permeates every aspect of Judaism”

Wednesday, April 14th, 2010

 

Jewish mysticism never really became a separate domain of spiritual life outside the religious tradition.

This may be due to the fact that the initial revelation at Mount Sinai was holy in such a way that it could never be shaken off.

The Torah scriptures, at all levels of their composition, from the Bible to the Talmud and the latest commentaries of the sages, succeeded in retaining and elaborating this experience so profoundly that there was not much room for an emotional mysticism, either private or cultic, to develop on its own, outside of the established religious form.

At a certain stage in Jewish history (from about the seventeenth century), the religious authorities believed that there was a significant danger in that direction.

And in Europe at least, Kabbalah, the chief repository of the mystical aspect of the tradition, was taken firmly in hand.

Only mature students were permitted to study it, and carefully preserved texts were left to gather dust and sink into oblivion.

In later years (mostly in the nineteenth century) there was another, newer element that helped to suppress the mystical lore.

Within the strong rationalistic tendency of the age, many influential people (such as the authors of the most important books of Jewish history) were fiercely antagonistic to any mystical approach and tried to disparage it and even deny its existence in the past.

The apologetic mood of the time demanded hiding these shameful parts of Judaism and trying to forget them entirely.

The result has been a general misunderstanding of the role of the Kabbalah, and of the mystical experience altogether, in Judaism.

The truth is that the Kabbalah permeates every aspect of Judaism, and the "esoteric wisdom" has been a basic ingredient of scripture, ritual, and prayer.

Even many popular expressions, in Hebrew but also in the colloquial Yiddish, have their source in the Kabbalah.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From "The Mysticism in the Jewish Tradition" from On Being Free by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The Ten Commandments do not say, ‘Love your father and mother.’”

Tuesday, April 13th, 2010

 

What makes parents and children into a family is not the fact that they love each other, or that those parents begot those particular children, but that they understand and keep their obligations toward each other.

Remember that the Ten Commandments do not say, "Love your father and mother."

Parents may want love very much; some of them may demand it, and even make the lives of the children miserable if they think that they do not get enough of it.

However, love is neither commanded nor demanded; rather, the commandment is (Exodus 20:12), "Honor your father and your mother."

Love within the family is a very good thing, but the commandment is to honor—or, in other words, to keep the formal and informal obligations of children toward parents.

That is true about siblings as well.

Far beyond the love or the biological connection, it is the mutual obligation between them that comprises the core family tie.

I want to stress this point, because we are living in a time, and within a culture, that often substitutes love for obligation.

Through the influence of romantic literature, among other reasons, we tend to think that love makes the family.

Love may make the family a glorious place to be, but it is keeping the rules—whatever these may be, and they do change from one culture to another, and from one family to another—that creates the family.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From Simple Words, p. 182, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Why the need for mitzvot?”

Monday, April 12th, 2010

 

Why then is the soul unable to draw down Divine light by its own powers of thought and striving?

Why the need for mitzvot?

The answer given by the Chasidic Sage is a rather baffling and profound statement concerning the origin of the mitzvot.

The primary root of the mitzvot, he asserts, is of the aspect of the inwardness of the highest delight.

The mitzvot come from the inner depths of the Oneg Elyon, which is the utmost joy and rapture of being.

It is written in the Scriptures (Proverbs 8:30) that the Torah is the plaything of God, and by plaything is meant that which gives pleasure and gladness.

More inwardly it signifies God's playing with Himself; in the sense that the Torah– in its essence, in itself, not as that which was given to man–is God's amusement.

And what would such a Divine plaything consist of, before there was a world, before existence and reality?

It would have to be an all-sufficient delight, the blissfulnessof being, the very source of all pleasure, "for with Thee is the source of life" (Psalms 36:9).

As the primary source of life, it is equivalent to the origin of the higher delight, the Oneg Elyon, and as such is the very beginning of all beginnings.

It is that which we may first grasp of the very essence of the Divine.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From The Candle of God, p. 8, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Cultivation of Torah and mitzvot”

Sunday, April 11th, 2010

Man was put into the Garden of Eden to till and to keep it (Genesis 2:15), as it is written: 


"To till it" means the 248 positive mitzvot, "to keep it" means the 365 negative mitzvot.

Just as the work of the gardener makes the earth give forth greater fruit and abundance, so does man draw forth the utmost joy and goodness from life by proper cultivation of Torah and mitzvot.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From The Candle of God, p. 8, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“Holy festivals are not intended simply as memorial days”

Friday, April 9th, 2010

The holy days are connected to significant historic happenings, such as the Exodus from Egypt on Passover, the receiving of the Torah on Mount Sinai on Shavuot (Pentecost), or the wanderings of the Children of Israel in the wilderness on Succot (Tabernacles).

These holy festivals are not intended simply as memorial days to keep alive the memory of the events.

They are divinely appointed times dedicated to a renewal of the same revelation that once occurred on that day in the year, a repetition and a restoration of the same forces. 

So that the sanctity of the holidays is derived not only from a primal divine revelation but also from Israel's continual resanctification, in the way it keeps these days holy, of this revelation.

 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

From The Thirteen Petalled Rose, p. 77, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The spirit of envy”

Thursday, April 8th, 2010

The great Hassidic Rebbe known as "the Holy Jew" said that he owed his great achievements to a blacksmith. 


In his youth, he lived next to a diligent blacksmith who would begin working very early every morning. 

When the Holy Jew heard him work, he would say to himself, "This man is just working for money; I am studying Torah, which is much higher and nobler. If he can deprive himself of sleep, and rise to work so early, how can it be that I cannot get up at that time?" 

He then began to rise for his study a little bit earlier. 

The blacksmith heard the Holy Jew studying aloud, and he thought to himself, "I work for my livelihood, but this young man does not earn anything for his studies.If he can rise this early, then I can rise even earlier." 

So he did. 

The Holy Jew then started a little bit earlier, and they went on competing in this way for quite a while. 

The Holy Jew then said that the competition gained him so much time that he was able to achieve greatness.

In this competition, neither the Holy Jew nor the blacksmith lost anything; both only gained. 

They used the spirit of envy to find a common measure—their use of time—and competed about using that time for doing the work they wanted to do. 

This envy created a spirit of rivalry, a desire for victory, the urge to be uppermost, and it spurred two people, in different walks of life and in different realms, into doing more—each in his own way. 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From Simple Words by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“A single fabric of words and pauses, notes and silence, black and white”

Wednesday, April 7th, 2010

 

Our sages tell that when God descended onto Mt. Sinai with thunder and lightning, the entire world was silent—no birds flew, no oxen lowed, the seraphim did not recite Kadosh.

Yet after that great uproar, what did God proclaim?

"Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal"—matters that most of the world's cultures had already accepted.

And so, the Hasidic masters ask, "Did God descend from the highest heavens only to teach what any civilized person already knew?"

The answer is that these commandments are not important in their content but in the fact that they were spoken by God.

"Do not murder" and "Honor your father and mother" are sociologically and pedagogically sound.

But there are also a "Do not murder" and an "Honor your father and mother" that are part of the Ten Commandments.

And there is a vast difference between the former, a consensus of social behavior, and the latter, a framework in which man can connect with God.

This framework is composed of acts that one is required to do (the positive mitzvot) and others that one is required to avoid (the prohibitions).

As in any other framework—such as speech or music—the negative aspects are no less important than the positive.

The interruptions, the blank spaces between the notes or letters, are no less meaningful than the notes and letters themselves. They interweave, building one on the other, to form a single fabric of words and pauses, notes and silence, black and white, and—in the case of the Torah—positive and negative commandments.

 
–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
 
From Understanding the Tanya, p. 201, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The Egypt within their souls”

Sunday, April 4th, 2010

 

 

The Jews had to flee Egypt

because of the Egypt within their souls

and not because of the earthly Pharaoh.

 

 

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

From Understanding the Tanya, p. 110, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“The long period of inner preparation”

Friday, April 2nd, 2010

 

 

"It may be said that the Bible as a whole is a detailed account of the conflicts, the rises and falls, the deviations, the errors, and the reconciliations in the process of receiving the Torah. 

And this is true not only of the time the Torah was being absorbed but even prior to Sinai, the long period of inner preparation.

Time is needed for any truly revolutionary teaching to be understood, and there are any number of intermediate stages."


–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From The Strife of the Spirit , p, 88 by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz

“We should see the festivals as internal events in the life of the individual”

Thursday, April 1st, 2010

If we want to understand the personal, inner meaning of a festival, we should look to its intrinsic spiritual essence. 


And what is more, we should see the festivals as internal events in the life of the individual, which are reflections of the collective life of the nation.

This approach will open a door for us toward a wider, albeit not immediately apparent, understanding.

Our sages say: "In every generation, each person must regard himself as if he came out of Egypt."

This is the key to a new understanding of the festivals: in order to relive things, we must participate spiritually in the process of our people's birth.

–Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz
 
From On Being Free, p. 36, by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz